SHELL and SMS
Post by CatalinaNJB
Malfunctioning processes has an impact on safety is a
fact known throughout the aviation industry. Any undesired processes within a
technical system are known to drastically impact safety. Rarely is the SHELL
model checked for malfunctioning processes. In the interest of safety and to
predict the effect of a hazard the aviation industry is implementing the SMS
system as an additional layer of safety. There are several considerations and
interaction in the SHELL model to analyze the effect these interactions have on
aviation safety. Knowledge becomes critical in analyzing these interactions.
Accountability is the platform of SMS and a crucial element when applying human
factors. SMS is a wonderful system when applied correctly to make corrections
to mistakes, both what’s consider minor mistakes and major mistakes. In the
interest of public safety, there is no alternative to safety. New approaches to
safety, including SMS, are required to catch up to the increased demand for
safety in air travel.
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The system creates
ragged edges that don’t fit.
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Malfunctioning processes has an impact on safety is a
fact known throughout the aviation industry. Any undesired processes within a
technical system are known to drastically impact safety. Rarely is the SHELL
model checked for malfunctioning processes. In the interest of safety and to
predict the effect of a hazard the aviation industry is implementing the SMS
system as an additional layer of safety. There are several considerations and
interaction in the SHELL model to analyze the effect these interactions have on
aviation safety. Knowledge becomes critical in analyzing these interactions.
Accountability is the platform of SMS and a crucial element when applying human
factors. SMS is a wonderful system when applied correctly to make corrections
to mistakes, both what’s consider minor mistakes and major mistakes. In the
interest of public safety, there is no alternative to safety. New approaches to
safety, including SMS, are required to catch up to the increased demand for
safety in air travel.
Each component of the SHELL model represents a building
block of human factors studies within aviation. The SHELL system is a safety
risk management tool in a system environment considering Software, Hardware,
Environment, Liveware and Liveware.
Liveware is the concept of how Liveware (human factors) interacts with
other Liveware (human factors) and the other components within the SHELL
module. This system is a conceptual model of human factors that clarifies the
scope of aviation human factors and assists in understanding the human factor
relationships between system resources, or environment and the human component
in the system. The model adopts a systems perspective that suggests the human
is not the sole cause of an accident. The systems perspective considers a
variety of contextual and task-related factors that interact with the human
operator within the system to affect operator performance. As a result, the
SHELL model considers both active and latent hazards in the system.
The human component is at the center of the SHELL model
that represents the modern air transportation system. This is a critical and
flexible component in the system, interacting directly with other system
components, namely Software, Hardware, Environment and Liveware. Human senses
for collecting vital task and environment-related information are subject to
performance. A human sense does not detect the whole range of sensory
information available. The circadian rhythm and emotions are triggers for
variations in human performance. Humans are variables in information processing
effectiveness and influenced by motivation. E.g. aircraft display, instrument
and alerting, or warning system design are engineered to reduce the effect of
these variables. After sensing and processing information, the output involves
decisions, muscular action and communication. Design considerations include
aircraft control-display movement relationship, acceptable direction of
movement of controls, control resistance and coding, acceptable human forces
required to operate aircraft doors, hatches and cargo equipment and speech
characteristics in the design of voice communication procedures.
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The key to success is
not in the edges but within the system itself.
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Humans function effectively within a defined range of
environmental conditions (tolerable for optimum human performance), with
performance affected by physical environmental factors such as temperature,
vibration, noise, g-forces and time of day as well as time zone transitions and
working environments.
The concept of SMS that we don’t manage risks; we lead
personnel, manage equipment and validate operational design for improved
performance above the safety risk level bar is strengthen by including the
SHELL model in a root cause analysis and risk assessment. A lesson learned from
the SHELL model is that it comes with ragged edges, which also is
characteristics of an effective SMS.
CatalinaNJB
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